Science has taken over from pre-scientific thought the concepts space, time, and material object, and has modified them and rendered them more precise. Its first significant accomplishment was the development of Euclidean geometry, whose axiomatic formulation must not be allowed to blind us to its empirical origin. The subtlety of the concept of space was enhanced by the discovery that there exist no completely rigid bodies. All bodies are elastically deformable and alter in volume with chang in temperature. The structures, whose possible congruences are to be described by Euclidean geometry, cannnot therefore be represented apart from physical concepts But since physics after all must make use of geometry in the establishment of its concepts, the empirical content of geometry can be stated and tested only in the framework of the whole of physics In this connection atomistics must also be borne in mind, and its conception of finite divisibility; for spaces of sbu-atomic extension cannot be measured up. Atomisics also compels us to give up, in principle, the idea of sharply statically defined bounding surfaces of solid bodies. Strictly speaking, there are no precise laws, even in the macro-region, for the possible configurations of solid bodies touching each other. In spite of this , no one thought of giving up the concept of space, for it appeared indispensable in eminently satisfactory whole system of natural science. Mach, in the nineteenth century, was the only one who thought seriously of an elimination of the concept of space, in that he sought to replace it by the notion of the totality of the instantaneous distances between all material points. (He made this attempt in order to arrive at a satisfactory understanding of inertia) .